ER 3.3 Candor Toward the Tribunal
The Standard
Lawyers, as officers of the court, are required to be honest with the tribunal. Attorney candor to the tribunal is essential to the integrity of the judicial system. The obligations to the tribunal trump confidentiality; there may be times an attorney must disclose otherwise protected, confidential information to avoid misleading the tribunal.
The Limitation
“Tribunal” is a defined term and the obligations under ER 3.3 last until a proceeding has “concluded,” meaning when a final judgment in the proceeding has been affirmed on appeal or the time for review has passed. Additionally, the lawyer must have “knowledge” before taking reasonable remedial measures to correct false evidence.
FAQs
My client lied during her deposition. Because she didn’t make the false statement in court, I don’t have to correct it.
I made a false statement during a hearing. I knew the information was false at the time, but I didn’t intend to lie. Did I make the misstatement with knowledge?
How do I “know” if my client lied?
I told the court I had to miss a hearing because I was driving to a funeral in Utah. I’m still attending the funeral, and can’t appear for hearing, but I’m not driving, I’m attending via Zoom. Must I update the court?
I represent a client in a criminal matter. My client insists I call his best friend as a witness. I believe the best friend will lie under oath. Am I required to call him as a witness?
I wasn’t sure whether the best friend (from hypothetical above) would lie, so I called him as a witness. I suspect, but don’t “know” that he lied under oath about a material fact. Do I need to take remedial action?
We briefed an issue. Recently, the appellate court issued a memorandum decision, not for publication, resolving the same question against my client’s position. Must I disclose this new legal authority to the trial court?
My client died. We are in the midst of settlement discussions, and I think I can get this resolved. Must I update the court on my client’s death?
My client wants me to ghostwrite the complaint. May I, or is this dishonest to the court?
My client told me he lied during the last hearing. But he refuses to let me correct the record. Can I just withdraw?
I just learned my client lied. What constitutes “reasonable remedial measures”?
I withdrew from a representation. After withdrawal was granted, but while proceeding was ongoing, I learned my client defrauded the court while I represented him. Am I required to take reasonable remedial measures?
This page is managed by Patricia Seguin
Best Practices
- Preamble
- Client-Lawyer Relationship
- Counselor
- Advocate
- Law Firms and Associations
- Information about Legal Services
- Maintaining the Integrity of the Profession
- ER 1.1 Competence
- ER 1.2 Scope of Representation
- ER 1.3 Diligence
- ER 1.4 Communication
- ER 1.5 Fees
- ER 1.6 Confidentiality of Information
- ERs 1.7 & 1.10 Conflicts of Interest and Screening Tips
- ER 1.8 Conflict of Interest: Current Clients: Specific Rules
- ER 1.9 Duties to Former Clients
- ER 1.11 Special Conflicts of Interest for Former and Current Government Officers and Employees
- ER 1.13 Organization as Client
- ER 1.14 Client with Diminished Capacity
- ER 1.15 Safekeeping Property
- ER 1.16 Declining or Terminating Representation
- ER 1.18 Duties to Prospective Clients
- ER 2.4 Lawyer Serving as Third-Party Neutral
- ER 3.1 Meritorious Claims and Contentions
- ER 3.3 Candor Toward the Tribunal
- ER 3.6 Trial Publicity
- ER 5.1 Responsibilities of Lawyers Who Have Ownership Interests or are Managers or Supervisors; ER 5.2 Responsibilities of a Subordinate Lawyer; and ER 5.3 Responsibilities Regarding Nonlawyers
- ER 7.1 Communications Concerning a Lawyer's Services and ER 7.3 Solicitation of New Clients
- ER 8.3 Reporting Professional Misconduct
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